论野生技术&二次元 - 第12页共32页

日志

屏蔽user-agent并屏蔽日志

if ($http_user_agent ~* (^badbot/useragent$)) {
    rewrite (.*) /badbot break;
}

location = /badbot {
    access_log off;
    return 403;
}

if ($http_user_agent ~* (^badbot/useragent$)) {

rewrite (.*) /badbot break;

}

location = /badbot {

access_log off;

return 403;

}

不屏蔽user-agent（允许其访问），但屏蔽日志

server {
    set $is_spider 1;
    if ($http_user_agent ~* "bot|spider|Bot|Disqus|WebIndex|YunGuanCe") {
        set $is_spider 0;
    }
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined if=$is_spider;
}

server {

set $is_spider 1;

if ($http_user_agent ~* "bot|spider|Bot|Disqus|WebIndex|YunGuanCe") {

set $is_spider 0;

}

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined if=$is_spider;

}

按uri屏蔽日志（可以和上面的按user-agent用同一个变量来同时过滤uri和user-agent)

map $request $loggable {
    ~/favicon.ico 0;
    ~/images/* 0;
    ~/js/* 0;
    ~/css/* 0;
    default 1;
}

server {
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined if=$loggable;
}

map $request $loggable {

~/favicon.ico 0;

~/images/* 0;

~/js/* 0;

~/css/* 0;

default 1;

}

server {

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined if=$loggable;

}

Header

按mime type设置缓存时间

map $sent_http_content_type $cacheable_types {
    "text/css"    "max-age=14400";
    "text/plain"  "max-age=86400";
    "image/jpeg"  "max-age=86400";
    "image/png"   "max-age=86400";
    "image/gif"   "max-age=86400";
    "image/x-icon" "max-age=86400";
    "application/x-7z-compressed" "max-age=864000";
    "application/x-javascript" "max-age=86400";
    "application/json" "max-age=86400";
    "application/x-bittorrent" "max-age=864000";
    default       "";
}

server {
    location / {
        root   "/var/www/html/";           
        add_header "Cache-Control" $cacheable_types;
    }
}

map $sent_http_content_type $cacheable_types {

"text/css" "max-age=14400";

"text/plain" "max-age=86400";

"image/jpeg" "max-age=86400";

"image/png" "max-age=86400";

"image/gif" "max-age=86400";

"image/x-icon" "max-age=86400";

"application/x-7z-compressed" "max-age=864000";

"application/x-javascript" "max-age=86400";

"application/json" "max-age=86400";

"application/x-bittorrent" "max-age=864000";

default "";

}

server {

location / {

root "/var/www/html/";

add_header "Cache-Control" $cacheable_types;

}

防攻击

简单的无状态cookie challenge（需要lua-nginx-module)

crawlers块中可以手动填写要屏蔽的IP

将其中的s改成随机字符串＋时间戳可以变成有状态版本（需使用redis/memcached/shared memory存储生成的随机字符串）

将set-cookie改成通过js生成cookie可以变成javascript challenge，注意要在js里加上浏览器上下文判断，如var cookie=location.protocol?cookie:””; 或者DOM操作

这里有个更高级的输验证码的示例

geo $crawlers{
    1.2.3.0/24 1;
    4.5.6.7 1;
    default 0;
}
server {
    location ~ \.php {
        set $_c 0;
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "bad.guy/123") {
            set $_c 1;
        }            
        if ($crawlers){
            set $_c 1;
        }
        if ($_c){
            access_log     off;
            access_by_lua_block {
                local expires = 90
                local s = ngx.time()
                local cob = tonumber(ngx.var.cookie_cob)
                if cob == nil then cob=0 end
                local coa = ngx.md5("saltsalt" .. ngx.var.remote_addr .. "saltsalt" .. cob)
                if s - cob > expires or ngx.var.cookie_coa ~= coa then
                    coa = ngx.md5("saltsalt" .. ngx.var.remote_addr .. "saltsalt" .. s)
                    ngx.header["Set-Cookie"] = {"coa=" .. coa .."; path=/; domain=.example.com; HttpOnly",
                        "cob=" .. s.."; path=/; domain=.example.com; HttpOnly"}
                    ngx.header["Content-Type"] = "text/html"
                    ngx.say("<meta http-equiv ='refresh' content='0'>");
                    ngx.exit(200)
                end
            }
        }
        # fastcgi_pass
    }
}

geo $crawlers{

1.2.3.0/24 1;

4.5.6.7 1;

default 0;

}

server {

location ~ \.php {

set $_c 0;

if ($http_user_agent ~* "bad.guy/123") {

set $_c 1;

}

if ($crawlers){

set $_c 1;

}

if ($_c){

access_log off;

access_by_lua_block {

local expires = 90

local s = ngx.time()

local cob = tonumber(ngx.var.cookie_cob)

if cob == nil then cob=0 end

local coa = ngx.md5("saltsalt" .. ngx.var.remote_addr .. "saltsalt" .. cob)

if s - cob > expires or ngx.var.cookie_coa ~= coa then

coa = ngx.md5("saltsalt" .. ngx.var.remote_addr .. "saltsalt" .. s)

ngx.header["Set-Cookie"] = {"coa=" .. coa .."; path=/; domain=.example.com; HttpOnly",

"cob=" .. s.."; path=/; domain=.example.com; HttpOnly"}

ngx.header["Content-Type"] = "text/html"

ngx.say("<meta http-equiv ='refresh' content='0'>");

ngx.exit(200)

end

}

# fastcgi_pass

}

其他

植入cookie

~~需要注意的是使用ngx.time()产生秒级的时间，用来做随机数种子可能会冲突，因此建议加上另外的随机变量（如下面的例子用的是客户端的ip）~~ 可以使用ngx.now()产生毫秒精度时间

local modname = "util"
local _M = { _VERSION = '0.01' }
local mt = { __index = _M }

function _M.random_str(l, seed, r)
    local s = r or 'abcdefghijklmnhopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789=+-'
 
    local ret =''
	-- os.time() is precise to second
	math.randomseed(os.time() * 1000 + ngx.crc32_short(seed or ""))
    for i=1 ,l do
        local pos = math.random(1, string.len(s))
        ret = ret .. string.sub(s, pos, pos)
    end
 
    return ret
end

function _M.plant_cookie(k, h)
	local ck = require "resty.cookie"
	local cookie, err = ck:new()
	if not cookie then
		ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "ERROR PLANTING COOKIE", err)
		return
	end
	
	local _, err = cookie:get(k)
	if _ then
		return
	end
	local ok, err = cookie:set({
		key = k, value = _M.random_str(32, ngx.var.remote_addr, '0123456789abcdef'), path = "/",
		domain = h or ngx.var.http_host,
		httponly = true,
		expires= 'Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT',
		max_age = 2147483647
	})

end

return _M

local modname = "util"

local _M = { _VERSION = '0.01' }

local mt = { __index = _M }

function _M.random_str(l, seed, r)

local s = r or 'abcdefghijklmnhopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789=+-'

local ret =''

-- os.time() is precise to second

math.randomseed(os.time() * 1000 + ngx.crc32_short(seed or ""))

for i=1 ,l do

local pos = math.random(1, string.len(s))

ret = ret .. string.sub(s, pos, pos)

end

return ret

end

function _M.plant_cookie(k, h)

local ck = require "resty.cookie"

local cookie, err = ck:new()

if not cookie then

ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "ERROR PLANTING COOKIE", err)

return

end

local _, err = cookie:get(k)

if _ then

return

end

local ok, err = cookie:set({

key = k, value = _M.random_str(32, ngx.var.remote_addr, '0123456789abcdef'), path = "/",

domain = h or ngx.var.http_host,

httponly = true,

expires= 'Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT',

max_age = 2147483647

})

end

return _M

location / {
    access_by_lua '
        local _ = require("util")
        _.plant_cookie("cookie_name",".example.come")
    ';
}

location / {

access_by_lua '

local _ = require("util")

_.plant_cookie("cookie_name",".example.come")

}

本文原载于《21天从零开始做修Windows电脑专家：入门到精通》一书

某一次重启之后，发现笔记本的wifi无法连接了，显示为红叉。

在Windows10的设置里提示，没有在您的计算机上找到无线网卡，之类的。首先确认无线网卡驱动正常，为了保险起见，还回滚了一次驱动（因为曾经出现过Win10自动更新后驱动跪了的情况）。

那么是怎么回事呢？

万能的谷歌告诉我们，在操作系统层处理无线协议的服务是WLAN AutoConfig。

WLAN AutoConfig的服务名称是wlansvc，我们使用sc查询其运行状态：

> sc query wlansvc

SERVICE_NAME: wlansvc
        TYPE               : 20  WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS
        STATE              : 1  STOPPED
                                (STOPPABLE, NOT_PAUSABLE, ACCEPTS_SHUTDOWN)
        WIN32_EXIT_CODE    : 1068  (0x42c)
        SERVICE_EXIT_CODE  : 0  (0x0)
        CHECKPOINT         : 0x0
        WAIT_HINT          : 0x0

> sc query wlansvc

SERVICE_NAME: wlansvc

TYPE : 20 WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS

STATE : 1 STOPPED

(STOPPABLE, NOT_PAUSABLE, ACCEPTS_SHUTDOWN)

WIN32_EXIT_CODE : 1068 (0x42c)

SERVICE_EXIT_CODE : 0 (0x0)

CHECKPOINT : 0x0

WAIT_HINT : 0x0

嘿伙计你瞧，它挂了:) 错误码是1068。如果你在“服务”控制台中尝试启动它，会提示

436919cbgw1eweeu2sv5nj20dn063gm9

这是为什么呢？( ´◔ ‸◔’)
Read More→

nginx 批量配置同步

使用shared dict

nginx/openresty的一些记录

日志

Header

防攻击

其他

一次Windows 服务启动失败的排查经历(WLAN AutoConfig 1068)

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